The official name of Indonesia, a Southeast Asian country, is the Republic of Indonesia. It is the largest island country in the world. With 17,000 islands in the Pacific, Indian and Oceania, it is spread over a total area of 1,904,569 square km. The capital of the country, which is formed by large and small islands such as New Guinea, Silawesi, Java, Borneo and Sumatra, is Jakarta.
The first human remains in Indonesia, named Jawa Man, date back five hundred thousand years. The region, which was dominated by Chinese and Indian influence until the seventh century, came under the influence of Buddhism and Hinduism after this period. In the 13th century, the Magapahit Kingdom was established in Java. It has taken over the territory of modern-day Indonesia. In the 13th century, the first traces of Islam were seen on the island of Sumatra. By the 16th century, Islam had become the dominant culture in Sumatra and Java.
In 1512, the Portuguese reached the islands and thus European exploitation began. With the peak of Dutch influence in 1602, the Dutch East India Company, or VOC, was established in the country. For 200 years, the company has been the dominant commercial actor in Europe.
Indonesia took its first steps of independence in 1945. Despite the efforts of the Netherlands, it reached full independence in December 1949. It is the fourth most populous country in the world. It is also the country with the most populous and densely populated Islamic population in the world.
The country is 5120 km long from east to west. It has a length of 1760 km from north to south. Since it consists of 17504 islands, it stands out as the largest archipelago country in the world. These islands are geographically scattered on both sides of the equatorial line. Indonesia has land borders with Brunei and Malaysia. It also has a maritime border with Australia, Palau, the Philippines, Malaysia, Vietnam, Singapore.
Indonesia lies along the line of the equator. The climate of the country is similar almost all year round. Its climate can be divided into two as wet and dry seasons. While the dry climate prevails between May and October, the wet season prevails between November and April.
With the influence of the Dutch in the 17th century, coffee cultivation began in the high parts of the island of West Java. As a result, Indonesia has become one of the world’s top coffee producing and top coffee exporting countries. Today, coffee cultivation is carried out on 1.24 million hectares of land in the country. While Robusta cultivation is carried out in 933 thousand hectares of this, high quality Arabica cultivation is carried out in 307 thousand hectares.
Apart from Arabica and Robusta, various specialty coffees are also produced in the country. The most famous of these coffee varieties are Mandailing, Toraja and Kopi Luwak coffee. In addition, Luwak coffee is known as the most expensive coffee in the world. Kopi Luwak is derived from coffee beans that palm civet cats living on the island of Sumatra and several surrounding islands eat and then defecate. Due to the intensive labor process and its scarcity in the global market, its price is also quite high.
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