Guatemala, whose official name is the Republic of Guatemala, is known as the most populous country in Central America. It is bordered by Belize to the east, Mexico to the north, and El Salvador to the south. In addition, it borders the Pacific Ocean to the west and the Caribbean Sea to the east. We should also mention that its capital is Guatemala.
Guatemala was home to the Mayans, one of the oldest communities in the world. The history of the country dates back to 2500 BC. The Peten region here is where the oldest remains of the Maya people have been found. Many communities of Mayan ancestry live in Guatemala. With the arrival of the Spaniards in the region in 1519, exploitation movements began. The Spanish continued their colonial activities here until 1821. Between 1821 and 1900, Guatemala went through an unstable time in which internal strife occurred. In the early 1900s, it was ruled by some dictators supported by the United States. With the revolution of 1944, many reforms were implemented in Guatemala. These reforms led to civil wars. As a result of the peace in 1996, Guatemala began to recover in the social and economic spheres.
The territory of the country is physically divided into four different groups. In its western part is located on the shores of the Pacific Ocean and a lowland zone with an average width of 60 km. In the east of the country there is the Sierra Madre volcanic mountain range, and in the north-south direction there are mountains that parallel the shores of the Pacific Ocean. In the northern part, the wide plain region called Peten attracts attention. However, there are many crater lakes in the country. Guatemala’s major rivers, the Polochic, Motagua, and Usumarinta, originate in the Sierra Madre mountains and flow into the Atlantic Ocean.
Guatemala is located close to the equator. For this reason, we can say that it has a hot and humid climate. In the western parts and other lowlands, the average annual temperature is 25-30 ° C. In the areas of the country with an altitude of up to 1500 meters, the average annual temperature is 20 ° C. The average temperature of areas higher than 1500 meters also drops to 10 degrees. The most frequent region of precipitation is the Atlantic Ocean coast. In the mountainous places in the middle of Guatemala, temperature averages are lower and the amount of precipitation is relatively small.
Guatemala was introduced to coffee in the early 1700s. At that time, coffee was used as an ornamental plant. In the 1860s, the state began to promote coffee plantations. Thanks to this, coffee has become a sector in Guatemala. In the country where there are more than 125 thousand small coffee farms, the state established Anacafe in 1960. The institution, which stands for Asosiacion Nacional Del Cafe, offers finance, market and research support to farmers interested in coffee farming.
Guatemalan coffee is grown in 7 different regions. Among them, Atitlan, Huehuetenango and Antigua stand out. Each region has its own unique cultivation methods. Antigua coffee beans grow in the foothills of volcanoes that receive little rain and a lot of sun. Huehuetenango coffees are produced on the outskirts of the Mexican border, which has the highest altitude. Atitlan coffees also get a chance to grow in volcanic soils. The country receives a lot of rainfall and the humidity is also high. For this reason, farmers produce coffee by wet processing technique.
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